Mu cyumweru gishize, imizigo y’amakontenari iva muri Aziya ijya muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu Burayi yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane. Ku bigo bigiye kwinjira mu gihembwe cy’ihinga cyo kongera kubaka ububiko bw’ibintu, ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi kizakomeza kuba hejuru.

Nk’uko byatangajwe na Drewry World Container Index kuwa kane, igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka ya kontineri ifite uburebure bwa metero 40 iva Shanghai ijya Los Angeles cyazamutse kigera ku madolari 9,733 y’Amerika, cyiyongereyeho 1% ugereranyije n’icyumweru gishize n’izamukaho 236% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka kuva Shanghai ijya Rotterdam cyazamutse kigera ku madolari 12,954 y’Amerika, cyiyongereyeho 1% ugereranyije n’icyumweru gishize n’izamukaho 595% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize. Igipimo cy’ubwikorezi bw’imodoka zigera ku bihumbi umunani by’ingenzi mu bucuruzi cyageze ku madolari 8,883 y’Amerika, cyiyongereyeho 339% ugereranyije n’umwaka ushize.

Imwe mu mpamvu zituma isoko rito cyane ni ibura ry’amakontenari atwara ibicuruzwa by’Abanyamerika biva mu mahanga mu nzira inyura mu nyanja ya Pasifika. Imitwaro irimo kontenari irimo kwinjira mu muryango munini w’ubucuruzi bwo mu mazi muri Amerika, aho umubare wayo ukubye inshuro eshanu ugereranyije n’umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.

Mu kiganiro n'abashoramari, Perezida akaba n'Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Haverty Furniture, ifite icyicaro gikuru i Atlanta, yagize ati: "Uyu munsi, umubare w'ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa, ibyoherezwa, n'ibindi, ndetse n'ibindi muri ibi bicuruzwa byatinze. Ibi byose ni ibintu bikomeye cyane." Yabivuze mu nama y'abashoramari muri iki cyumweru.

Ubwo yabazwaga igihe ikibazo cy’itangwa ry’ibikoresho giteganijwe kumara, Smith yagize ati: "Bivugwa ko ikibazo cy’itangwa ry’ibikoresho kizamara kugeza umwaka utaha. Ndatekereza ko ibintu bitazamera neza muri uyu mwaka, wenda bizaba byiza kurushaho. Tugomba kwishyura amafaranga y’inyongera kugira ngo tubone kontineri n’umwanya."

Icyambu kiracyari cyuzuye abantu benshi kandi kirimo kumera nabi

Icyambu cya Los Angeles cyavuze ku wa gatatu ko umubare w’ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga muri Kamena ari 467763 TEU, mu gihe umubare w’ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga wagabanutse ugera kuri 96067 TEU - urwego rwo hasi cyane kuva mu 2005. Mu cyambu cya Long Beach, ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu mahanga mu kwezi gushize byiyongereyeho 18.8% bigera kuri 357.101 TEU, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byagabanutseho 0.5% bigera kuri 116.947 TEU. Igiteranyo cy’ibicuruzwa byinjijwe mu byambu bibiri mu kwezi gushize cyiyongereyeho 13.3% ugereranije n’ukwezi kumwe muri 2019.

Muri icyo gihe, nk'uko byatangajwe n'abayobozi bakurikiranaga urujya n'uruza rw'ibyambu, kugeza mu ijoro ryo kuwa gatatu, umubare w'amato y'amakontenari yari ategereje gupakururwa i Long Beach muri Los Angeles wari 18. Iyi mbogamizi yabayeho kuva mu mpera z'umwaka ushize, igera ku nshuro ya 40 mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare.

Gene Seroka, umuyobozi mukuru w’icyambu cya Los Angeles, yavuze mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru ko icyifuzo cy’ibicuruzwa bicuruzwa bisa nkaho kizakomeza guhindagurika mu gihe gisigaye cy’umwaka. Seroka yagize ati: “Imideli y’impeshyi, ibikoresho byo gusubira ku ishuri n’ibicuruzwa bya Halloween biri kugera ku cyambu cyacu, kandi bamwe mu bacuruzi bohereje ibicuruzwa byo mu minsi mikuru y’impera y’umwaka mbere y’igihe cyari giteganyijwe.” “Ibimenyetso byose bigaragaza ko igice cya kabiri cy’umwaka kirimo gukomera.”

Mario Cordero, umuyobozi mukuru wa Long Beach, yavuze ko nubwo icyambu cyiteze ko ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti buzateza imbere ubwikorezi bw'imizigo mu gihe gisigaye cya 2021, ubwinshi bw'imizigo bushobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru. Cordero yagize ati: "Uko ubukungu bukomeje gufunguka na serivisi zikarushaho kwiyongera, Kamena yerekana ko icyifuzo cy'abaguzi ku bicuruzwa kizagenda gihagarara buhoro buhoro."

Incamake y'isoko mpuzamahanga mu gice cya mbere cy'umwaka ishobora gusobanurwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:

1. Ubwiyongere bugaragara bw'ubwikorezi

Nk’uko raporo y’igihembwe cya kabiri cya Clarkson ibivuga, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ubwikorezi bw’amakontena ku isi mu 2021 kiri hafi 6.0%, kandi biteganijwe ko kizagera kuri miliyoni 206 za TEU!

2. Umuvuduko w'amato mashya yinjiraga ku isoko wakomeje kuba mwiza, kandi amato manini yakomeje gutera imbere.

Dukurikije imibare ya Clarkson, kugeza ku ya 1 Gicurasi, umubare w’amato yuzuye amakontenari ku isi wari miliyoni 5,426, miliyoni 24.24 z’amato ya TEU.

3. Amafaranga y'ubukode bw'amato akomeje kwiyongera

Ubusabe bwo gukodesha amato bwariyongereye cyane, kandi bamwe mu batunze imizigo nabo bitabiriye ibikorwa byo gukodesha. Urwego rw'ubukode ku isoko rwakomeje kwiyongera kandi rugera ku rwego rwo hejuru muri uyu mwaka.

Isoko mpuzamahanga ryitezweho kugaragaza ibi bikurikira mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka:

1. Izamuka ry’ubukungu rituma umubare w’abakenera kohereza ibicuruzwa wiyongera. Dukurikije uko Clarkson yabiteganyaga, umubare w’abakenera kohereza ibicuruzwa ku isi uziyongeraho 6.1% uko umwaka utashye muri 2021.

2. Ubunini bw'ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu bukomeje kwiyongera.

3. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwibasirwa n’icyorezo muri 2021, imikorere myiza y’isoko ry’ubwikorezi ku isi izagabanuka cyane.

4. Ubusanzwe umubare w'inganda muri rusange uhagaze neza.

Uburyo bwo gukorana kw'ubufatanye bwatumye inganda zidashobora guhatana ku isoko binyuze mu ipiganwa rikomeye ry'ibiciro kandi bukomeza umutekano w'isoko muri iki gihe cy'icyorezo.

Icyerekezo cy'isoko ry'Ubushinwa mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka:

1. Biteganijwe ko igikenewe mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu kizakomeza gutera imbere.

2. Ihindagurika ry'ibiciro by'imizigo rishobora kwiyongera. Icyorezo gikomeje kugira ingaruka ku isoko ry'ubwikorezi, sisitemu y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa irahungabana, imikorere y'ibyambu iragabanuka cyane, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu buri mu bihe bito.

Inzira zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru

Bitewe n’uko abantu benshi banduye icyorezo cya korona muri Amerika, umubare w’abanduye n’abapfuye muri icyo cyorezo uza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi. Nubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashoye amafaranga menshi kugira ngo zikomeze iterambere ry’isoko ry’imari, ntizishobora guhisha ko ubukungu nyakuri bugenda buzamuka buhoro buhoro. Umubare nyakuri w’abashomeri urenze kure uwo mbere y’icyorezo cyateye. Mu gihe kizaza, ubukungu bwa Amerika bushobora kuva mu bibazo by’ubukungu.

Byongeye kandi, ubushyamirane bukomeje hagati y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi na Amerika bushobora no kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi. Kuri ubu, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zatanze inyungu nyinshi ku bashomeri, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abantu benshi bakenera ibicuruzwa mu gihe gito. Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’Ubushinwa cyo guhuza ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kizakomeza kuba kinini mu gihe runaka, ariko kirimo guhura n’ibibazo bikomeye.

Dukurikije imibare ya Alphaliner, mu mato mashya ateganijwe gutangwa muri 2021, hari amato 19 ya TEU 10000 ~ 15199 hamwe na TEU 227.000, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka ku kigero cya 168.0%. Icyorezo cyateje ibura ry'abakozi, imikorere myiza y'icyambu igabanuka cyane, kandi umubare munini w'amakontenari warafunzwe mu cyambu.

Bitewe n’uko ishoramari ryiyongera mu bikoresho by’amakonteyineri ndetse no kugarura ubushobozi bushya, byitezwe ko ibura ry’amakonteyineri adafite ibikoresho n’ubushobozi buke rizagabanuka. Mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka, niba icyorezo cya Amerika kigiye guhagarara buhoro buhoro, biteganijwe ko ibyoherezwa mu mahanga by’Ubushinwa muri Amerika bizakomeza kuba bihamye, ariko hazabaho ingorane zimwe na zimwe nibikomeza kwiyongera cyane. Isano y’ibicuruzwa n’ibikenewe mu nzira zo muri Amerika ya Ruguru izagaruka ku rugero rwiza, kandi igipimo cy’imizigo ku isoko cyitezwe kugaruka kuva ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’amateka kikagera ku rwego rusanzwe.

Inzira yo kuva i Burayi kugera ku butaka

Mu 2020, icyorezo cyatangiye mbere mu Burayi kandi cyamaze igihe kirekire. Nyuma, bitewe n'icyorezo cya delta ya mutant, ubukungu bw'u Burayi bwarushijeho kwibasirwa.

Mu mwaka wa 2021, nubwo icyorezo gikomeje gukwirakwira mu Burayi, ubukungu bw'u Burayi bwagaragaje ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibibazo bikomeye. Hamwe na gahunda idasanzwe yo kugarura ubukungu bw'u Burayi yashyizweho n'akarere ka EU, yagize uruhare runini mu kugarura ubukungu bw'u Burayi nyuma y'ingaruka z'icyorezo. Muri rusange, bitewe n'igabanuka ry'icyorezo, icyifuzo cy'Ubushinwa cyo guhuza ibicuruzwa by'u Burayi mu mahanga kirimo gutera imbere, kandi umubano w'isoko ry'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe urahamye.

Dukurikije uko Drewry yabiteganyaga, umubare w’ubwikorezi bugana iburengerazuba mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’u Burayi na Amerika y’Amajyaruguru uzaba miliyoni 10.414 za TEU mu 2021, bikaba bizakomeza kwiyongeraho 2.0% uko umwaka ugenda uhita, kandi igipimo cy’ubwiyongere kiziyongeraho amanota 6.8 ku ijana uhereye mu 2020.

Bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo, imikorere y’ubwikorezi muri rusange yagabanutse cyane, kandi amakontena amwe yabuze mu byambu, kandi isoko ryagaragaje ko hari ahantu hato ho gutwara ibicuruzwa.

Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi, ubushobozi rusange bw'isoko muri rusange buri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Muri iki gihe cy'icyorezo, ukwiyongera k'ubushobozi kwagabanutse cyane. Ariko, ubushobozi bushya buzaba ahanini ari amato manini, azashorwa ahanini mu nzira nini kugira ngo agabanye ikibazo cy'ubushobozi. Mu gihe kirekire, igihe isoko ry'amakontena rizaba ryakize ingaruka z'icyorezo, isoko rizasubira ku rugero rw'ibicuruzwa n'ibikenewe.

Inzira yo mu majyaruguru igana mu majyepfo

Mu 2021, icyorezo kizakomeza gukwirakwira ku isi yose. Ibihugu byashoye amafaranga menshi kugira ngo bizamure ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa, kandi ibiciro byinshi by'ibicuruzwa byazamutse ku rwego mbere y'uko ihungabana ry'ubukungu ku isi ritangira mu 2008, bigabanya igice cy'ingorane z'ibihugu byohereza umutungo mu mahanga.

Ariko, kubera ko ibihugu byinshi byohereza umutungo mu mahanga ari ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, urwego rw'ubuzima rusange rurakomeye, kandi hari ibura ry'inkingo zo kurwanya icyorezo. Icyorezo muri Brezili, mu Burusiya no mu bindi bihugu kirakomeye cyane, kandi ubukungu muri rusange bwagizweho ingaruka zikomeye. Muri icyo gihe, icyorezo gikomeye cyateje ibura ry'ibikoresho n'ubuvuzi bya buri munsi.

Dukurikije ibyari byateganijwe na Clarkson, mu 2021, icyifuzo cyo kohereza amakontenari ku nzira zo muri Amerika y'Epfo, inzira zo muri Afurika, n'inzira zo muri Oseyaniya kiziyongeraho 7.1%, 5.4% na 3.7% uko umwaka utashye, kandi igipimo cy'ubwiyongere kiziyongeraho amanota 8.3, 7.1 na 3.5 ku ijana ugereranije no mu 2020.

Muri rusange, ubwikorezi ku nzira iva mu majyaruguru ijya mu majyepfo buzarushaho kwiyongera mu 2021, kandi icyorezo cyagabanyije imikorere y’uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa no gukaza ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu.

Isoko ry’inzira iva mu majyaruguru ijya mu majyepfo rishyigikiwe n’ubwikorezi mu gihe gito, ariko niba ikibazo cy’icyorezo mu bihugu bireba kidahagaritswe neza, bizashyira igitutu ku ihinduka ry’isoko mu gihe kirekire.

Inzira y'Ubuyapani

Nyuma yo kwinjira mu 2021, icyorezo mu Buyapani cyongeye kwiyongera ndetse kirenga urwego rw'icyorezo mu 2020, ku buryo imikino Olempike ya Tokyo ishobora kuba mu buryo butuma abareba imikino Olempike babuzwa kwinjira muri sitade. Amafaranga menshi yashowe muri Olempike ashobora guhura n'igihombo gikomeye.

Icyorezo cyarushijeho kwibasira ubukungu bw’Ubuyapani bwari busanzwe bufite intege nke, hamwe n’ibibazo bikomeye by’imiterere y’igihugu nko gusaza kw’abaturage, iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubuyapani ridafite imbaraga mu gihe hari imyenda myinshi.

Ubusanzwe, ubwikorezi bw'ibicuruzwa by'Ubushinwa byohereza mu Buyapani buhagaze neza. Byongeye kandi, amasosiyete akora ingendo zo mu Buyapani amaze imyaka myinshi akora ubucuruzi buhamye, yirinda guhangana ku isoko, kandi imiterere y'isoko iracyahagaze neza.

Inzira zo muri Aziya

Ibihugu byo muri Aziya bifite uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura icyorezo bizahura n’icyorezo gikomeye cyane mu 2021, kandi ibihugu nk’Ubuhinde byatumye iki cyorezo kiva mu buryo butunguranye kubera ubwoko bwa delta mutant.

Kubera ko ibihugu byo muri Aziya byiganjemo ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, urwego rw'ubuzima n'ubuvuzi rurakennye, kandi icyorezo cyabangamiye ubucuruzi, ishoramari n'urujya n'uruza rw'abantu. Niba icyorezo gishobora kugenzurwa neza, ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kizagena niba ubukungu bwa Aziya bushobora kuzamuka no kuzamuka mu bihe biri imbere.

Dukurikije ibyari byateganijwe na Clarkson, mu 2021, umubare w’ubwikorezi mu karere ka Aziya uzaba miliyoni 63.2 z’ubwikorezi bw’ingendo (TEU), ubwiyongere bwa 6.4% buri mwaka. Ubukene bw’ubwikorezi bwarahagaze kandi bwongeye kuzamuka, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu nzira z’ubwikorezi buzaba buto gato. Ariko, icyorezo gishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye ku bwikorezi bw’ejo hazaza. Igipimo cy’ubwikorezi ku isoko gishobora guhinduka cyane.